At present, more and more electricity consumers are supplied by so-called renewable energy sources. They represent an effective and ecological alternative to traditional sources that instead exploit fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas.
The term renewable energy comes from the fact that these energy sources regenerate cyclically and therefore cannot run out. Furthermore, they do not lead to the destruction of natural resources and ensure greater respect for the environment.
For these reasons, renewable sources, in addition to reusable and recyclable materials, are considered the future of sustainable development. The most used are the sun, wind and biomass, that is industrial, agricultural and forest materials and waste of organic-vegetable origin.
The solar energy
The sun is the most powerful renewable energy source on the planet and has truly unique characteristics: it has a vast range of action, it is inexhaustible, and does not involve any emission of pollutants such as CO2 or fine dust. For this reason, it has always been central to important studies, research and experimentation for its use for civil and industrial purposes.
Solar energy is used to produce electricity and heat from solar radiation, respectively through photovoltaic and thermal panels. In recent years, the technological development of this type of plant has reached increasingly high levels.
This is due not only to the greater attention to environmental issues, but also to the considerable economic savings that this solution is able to offer. For these reasons, an increasing number of public buildings and private homes, but also industrial sheds and farms use them for their own energy needs.
In addition, an increasing number of electrical devices for lighting or other household uses works using solar energy. In fact, more and more manufacturers incorporate or make available as an option for these items small kits to power them using sunlight.
The wind energy
Like the sun, the wind is a clean and inexhaustible source of energy. In the past it found its main use in the nautical sector and in the first forms of industrial transformation of agricultural products: the windmills, from which derive the modern wind farms.
The same principle is used today by modern aero-generators mounted inside the popular wind turbines, which transform the wind into electricity. Depending on the distance from the coast, they are distinguished in on-shore wind farms, generally installed in flat areas about ten km from the sea; near-shore wind farms, which are located near the coast to exploit the winds that come from the sea; off-shore wind farms, which are in the open sea and are the largest and most stable, as they are exposed to air currents that blow constantly and uninterruptedly.
Wind farms are a clean and renewable energy source and guarantee a very low energy cost. On the other hand, their construction requires a large initial investment and, if installed in areas of scenic and scenic interest, their visual impact is certainly not negligible
The biomass
The term biomass means many materials of biological origin that are modified to obtain fuels or directly electrical and thermal energy. They include common firewood, agricultural and forestry residues, municipal organic waste, food and livestock industries, algae.
In fact, from the woody biomass (logs of wood or pellets) can be obtained directly thermal energy or, through the so-called cogeneration plants, also electricity.
Instead, from the processing of organic waste it is possible to obtain biogas or other biological fuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, and other synthetic hydrocarbons.
The production of energy from biomass requires inexpensive and easy to adopt technologies even in less industrialized regions and promotes sustainable development as it allows the reuse of waste materials.
Moreover, considering that the residues of the production and transformation of biomass consist almost exclusively in carbon dioxide, they are considered among the greenest energy sources on the planet.
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